Whistleblowers: Are They Heroes or Traitors? Essay -- Pro Whistleblowe

Imagine a world without leadership, without risk-takers. The buildup for security would create a facade of a dystopian society with false freedom. The need for people to tattle up is vital for a diverse, functioning environment. Whistle blowers are just the people who will expose the flaws, give the knowledge, empower the people, and count on them to ferment collective decisions on how to deal with these issues.Whistleblowers are intriguing. They grip the crowds attention through the risky and dangerous oddities they perform. They make sure people go through the real situation in which they are in. Ordinary citizens are drawn to whistleblowers because they are willing to put their life on the line for the common considerably, like people are enchanted by superheroes. This relationship between superheroes and reality displays the commonality of the general population thinking bold risk-taking people are larger than life. This idea is profound within societies that have low expectations for the people and high government powers. The people are expected by the government to hold fast in line, never making their own decisions, without societys approval. The government is expected to keep them in that order with federal, national, and state laws and regulations. But whistleblowers make a curve, defying societal norms, creating tension between government and people. With the mass media of todays world, whistleblowers popularity inflates within seconds, causing a plethora of opinions. Eventually these opinions are put into movies, TV shows, and books. Some bring comparisons between our nation and what it could be and others bring realization of what it is, but its all though perception.There are only cardinal perceptions toward... ....p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. . Watson, Tom. Traitor Or triggerman? Asking The Wrong Questions About Manning And Snowden. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 31 July 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2014. . Whistleblower behind Exposing NSA Surveillance Programs Reveals His Identity, Motivations and More. End the Lie. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2014. . Whistle-Blowers in Limbo, Neither Hero Nor Traitor. The New York Times. The New York Times, 31 July 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2014. .

The Human Genome Project (HGP) Essay -- sustainability of the human po

Has the Human Genome Project created viable mechanisms that enable or disable the sustainability of the benignant population?The rendering of sustainability is the ability to be upheld or defended (Oxford South African Pocket Dictionary, 2006, p912.). The sustainability of the human population has been one of the most imperial factors in terms of our existence. From every region of profession, thinkers all over the world have been looking for ideas that would give us a secure way to definitely increase our longevity. This is why I accept the discovery of the human genome has opened many windows of opportunities that securely sustain our existence due to providing information about terminal diseases.The discovery of the human genome has led to advanced methods that have provided the purest understanding of the human anatomy. In conjunction, the represent of the human genome has created mechanisms that allow the human population to be less susceptible to diseases. The Human Genom e Project (HGP) was as international biological research that was co-ordinated by the National Institute of Health and the U.S. Department of Energy in the year of 1990. The HGP had a primary goal of mapping out and sequencing the nucleotides that are present in the fundamental complex body part DNA, identify all the genes and develop faster methods of mapping out DNA.Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)Deoxyribonucleic acid is a self-replicating material which is present in all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes it is also the carrier of genetic information (Oxford Dictionary online, no date). This structure is located in the nucleus and is made up of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a Phosphate molecule (P) and four nitrogenous bases ad... ...ine retrieved from http//www.animalgenome.org/edu/doe/prim2.html 2014/05/07. clock0108AMThe Oxford South African Pocket Dictionary (2006). 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press.The American Heritage Dictionary (2013). 5th Edition . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt online. Retrieved from http//www.yourdictionary.com/blastomere (2014/03/17)The Oxford English Dictionary online. Oxford University Press. Available from http//www.oxford.co.uk The structure of DNA illustration http//images.flatworldknowledge.com/ballgob/ballgob-fig19_006.jpg AssessedUCSC (2003) What is the human genome online Available https//cbse.soe.ucsc.edu/research/human_genome Assessed (2014/03/15) Time 1000AMW. Gregory F., Alan E. G., Francis S. C. (2010). Genomic Medicine An Updated Primer. The Journal of the American Medical Association. Volume 362. Pp. 2001-2011

Murakami as an Existential Writer Essay -- Philosophy, Writing

Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy and school of literature that holds that life history is hollow and chaotic, and any abstract theories about it are useless. All that exists is the mankind of phenomena as perceived by our senses. Whatever metaphysical concept that lies behind this world is non only impossible to know and understand, but also holds no significant value. The only choice we have to make in life is to accept this world with a kind of determined joy, to discipline ourselves, and to defy the emptiness and the chaos by finding our own meaning in life (Friedrich Nietzsche Part 4). Although Haruki Murakami does not directly express any existential views in What I Talk about When I Talk about Running and Norwegian Wood, he is a quintessential existential writer because so much of existentialism involves the working out of private dilemmas. There is much focus on intussusception in existentialism, and it can be seen in the lives of Murakamis characters.In W hat I Talk About When I Talk About Running, Murakami was facing the dilemma of dynamic in a 62-mile ultramarathon that took place every June at Lake Saroma in Hokkaido, Japan (104). According to Murakami, The sparkners run around the shores of Lake Saroma, which faces the Sea of Okhotsk. Only once you actually run the course do you realize how ridiculously huge Lake Saroma is (105). The weather gradually changed from being freezing to being too warm for heavy clothes during the ultramarathon (105). speckle Murakami was running, he began feeling intense pain in different parts of his body (109). Even so, he felt very happy upon reaching the intermit line, not so much pride as a sense of completion (115). Through running, Murakami finds his own meaning... ... Through perseverance, we overcome obstacles and find happiness in this chaotic world of ours. We find our own reasons to live and we choose to hold our own values. All of these things are tenets of existentialism. T here is no purpose in life but what we make for ourselves.Works CitedFriedrich Nietzsche Part 4 - YouTube. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 25 Sept. 2011. .Murakami, Haruki. What I Talk About When I Talk About Running. New York Vintage, 2007. Print.Murakami, Haruki. Norwegian Wood. New York Vintage International, 1987. Print.Island of Freedom - Sren Kierkegaard. RobertHSarkissian.com. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. .Murakami, Haruki, Alfred Birnbaum, and Jay Rubin. The Elephant Vanishes Stories. (TEV)New York Knopf, 1993. Print.

How I Learned To Become Literate Essay -- Personal Narratives Literacy

How I Learned To Become Literate As a six-month-old baby books had opened up a whole entire new world of experience for me. My inspiration to learn how to read and draw up was encouraged by my Mother and Grandmother. This is because they read out ratty to me before bed occasionally and gave me the best time of my life by introducing me to a library. By two years of age I developed obstetrical delivery and other communication skills. This helped me understand and develop a favorite book, PJ Funny Bunny, and I would stare at the pages pretending I was reading them. I would continually pretend to read with other Dr. Seuss books, Smurf pop-up books (I imagined I was a part of these for hours), sniff & scratches, and sensory books. I had just begun encouragement to learn literacy.I always had a fascination when I would watch my Mother or Grandmother save up (with their neat handwriting) or read something. I too, as a toddler, requireed to keep open just as well as they did. theref ore, I began writing on my games, play tables, and toy boxes (this was a big No, No). My Mother would in addition write out bills and use a calculator. Of course, I had to imitate her. But, any of this just wasnt enough for me. I desired something more . . .I can think about I was extremely steamy to begin school. It wasnt fair to me that all the bigger kids that lived nearby got to go to school and I didnt. Jealousy grew as I watched them out the front window of our house when they would return home with their happy school faces. This showed me school was fun and I was missing out on the superlative thing. It just wasnt fair I wanted to learn tooWhen I began Kindergarten I was prepared by knowing how to spell my name, recite and write the letters of the alphabet, and spell a few small words like, CAT and DOG. Our t from each oneer, Mrs. Lowler, encouraged us to continue learning literacy by sounding out letter or words, giving us more words to practice spelling, readin g aloud to us every day, allowing us to squander turns on the typewriter, recite poems and songs, take turns reading to each other, and finally writing a few small sentences. We also had a heartening contest that whoever read the most books would get a free pizza at Pizza Hut.There are two things I remember Mrs. Lowler did to encourage my literacy skills. One time she made us tonality a picture and then we had to present... ...e a real feel for what it was like to truly be that character. Mrs. Paris also had us keep journals in class. present she would give us a topic and we took about fifteen minutes to write our thoughts out. The fact that she took the time to write back to us made me excited and eager to write in my journal. This helped give me the idea to maintain a pen pal relationship with one of my friends from church.Throughout my years of learning literacy I have combined my knowledge into different experiences. I have written papers, articles for newspapers (16), re ad to younger to children, and much more. My own philosophy as a teacher is to be a Reading Mentor to my students. I want to show my students that literacy is fun to learn and expands your imagination. Without books we would not be able to have the ideas and thoughts we do today. There would be no creativity as a result places like Disney World would not exist. I have learned so much from each of these teachers. The important lesson that I will pass on is to make learning an enjoyable and pleasant learning experience. Like Mrs. Paris, my Fifth Grade teacher, I want to show my students I love and enjoy what I am teaching them.

The Character Horatio in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare Ham

The Character Horatio in Shakespeares HamletIn the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the confidant Horatio is created to serve a number of different purposes. Horatio is a tight character. He is a loyal, obedient, and trustworthy companion to Hamlet. His character does not undergo any significant transformation throughout the play, except that he serves as a witness of the death of Hamlet, Claudius, and Gertrude. Horatios role in the play seems to be as a utilitarian character that Shakespeare created in order to heighten the disbelief of the play. as well as for Horatio to be Hamlets ear so as to appease the audiences ear, and to communicate the moral of the play.Horatio serves often as the voice of reason, for instance he is skeptical of the watchmans testimony that a ghost appeared during their watch in the previous night. Marcellus says of the watchmans testimony, Horatio says tis but our fantasy, / And will not let belief take hold of him (1.1.23-4). Horatio believes the watchmen only when he witnesses the ghost and regular then is still skeptical. He is also the voice of reason when he asks Hamlet to restrain himself from meeting the ghost. He is afraid that Hamlet will outrage himself or go mad (1.4.63-91), finally telling Hamlet, Be ruled, you shall not go (1.4.81). Hamlet often seeks verification of events from Horatio as well. Horatio agrees with Hamlet, in 1.4, that the night is iciness (1.4.2), and verifies Hamlets belief that the ghost is wondrous strange (1.4.164). Horatio does not exaggerate about the length of the stay of the ghost. In 1.2, Horatio tells Hamlet that the ghost stayed in his presence for perhaps a hundreth (1.2.137), followed by Marcellus and Barnardos utterance, Longer, longer (1.2... ...he allegiances for power that lead to death. Horatio is the only victor, for he did not plot, and remains alive to tell this tragedy to others. Horatio is Shakespeares utilitarian character. Horatio serves as a foil to Rosencrantz an d Guildenstern, prompts Hamlet to disclose his feelings, gives vital information in the form of exposition (verbal or in a letter) or verification of Hamlets reality, and helps to build the suspense of the play. The only emotional aspect of his character is that he remains alive, and serves as a vehicle for Shakespeares moral of Hamlet.Works Cited and ConsultedBerman, Allison. We Only Find Ourselves. Hamlet reply papers. Wynnewood FCS, 2000.Lugo, Michael. The Character Horatio. Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood FCS, 2000.Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. 1600? Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York Signet Classic, 1998

The Character Horatio in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare Ham

The Character Horatio in Shakespeares Ham permitIn the play juncture, by William Shakespeare, the confidant Horatio is created to serve a number of different purposes. Horatio is a flat character. He is a loyal, obedient, and trustworthy companion to Hamlet. His character does non undergo every significant transformation throughout the play, except that he serves as a witness of the death of Hamlet, Claudius, and Gertrude. Horatios role in the play seems to be as a utilitarian character that Shakespeare created in order to heighten the suspense of the play. Also for Horatio to be Hamlets ear so as to appease the audiences ear, and to communicate the moral of the play.Horatio serves oft as the voice of reason, for instance he is skeptical of the watchmans testimony that a ghost appeared during their watch in the previous night. Marcellus says of the watchmans testimony, Horatio says tis but our fantasy, / And will not let belief take hold of him (1.1.23-4). Horatio believes the wa tchmen only when he witnesses the ghost and even then is still skeptical. He is also the voice of reason when he asks Hamlet to restrain himself from meeting the ghost. He is afraid that Hamlet will hurt himself or go mad (1.4.63-91), finally telling Hamlet, Be ruled, you shall not go (1.4.81). Hamlet often seeks verification of events from Horatio as well. Horatio agrees with Hamlet, in 1.4, that the night is cold (1.4.2), and verifies Hamlets belief that the ghost is wondrous strange (1.4.164). Horatio does not exaggerate about the continuance of the stay of the ghost. In 1.2, Horatio tells Hamlet that the ghost stayed in his presence for possibly a hundreth (1.2.137), followed by Marcellus and Barnardos utterance, Longer, longer (1.2... ...he allegiances for power that lead to death. Horatio is the only victor, for he did not plot, and remains alive to tell this tragedy to others. Horatio is Shakespeares utilitarian character. Horatio serves as a foil to Rosencrantz and Guilde nstern, prompts Hamlet to disclose his feelings, gives vital information in the form of interpretation (verbal or in a letter) or verification of Hamlets reality, and helps to build the suspense of the play. The only emotional aspect of his character is that he remains alive, and serves as a vehicle for Shakespeares moral of Hamlet.Works Cited and ConsultedBerman, Allison. We Only Find Ourselves. Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood FCS, 2000.Lugo, Michael. The Character Horatio. Hamlet reaction papers. Wynnewood FCS, 2000.Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. 1600? Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York Signet Classic, 1998

It Is Not Natural for Young People to Feel Stressed Essay

1) StressIt is not natural for upstart nation to feel stressed and hopeless(prenominal) about the situations they face. wholly issue heap want is to be happy, to make a real difference they subscribe to our serve up to develop a more than positive genial attitude and to understand that the real source of their happiness or their stress and to develop the inside strength and confidence to deal with any situation, however challenging, is an crucial goal. Many childlike people today put too much emphasis on materialism as a source of their happiness and study our alleviate in understanding the importance of iodins inner set example sharing and caring, moving a mode from us and them and using their resources to sustain others respecting the rights of others interdependence and our reliance on others compassion and forgiveness gratitude. It is unrealistic to expect little people to be able to rid of conflict and that is why we need to teach them how to seek a win/win re solution to conflict. This involves helping them to look at situations from different perspectives, not just their own. Young people similarly need our help in making full use of the opportunities that come their way.Many spring chicken people do not discombobulate self look and need our help in identifying their strengths and past successes. This requires different thought processes that involve the young person distancing themselves from strong emotions in order to analyse situations using lucidness and objectivity to see what is figure outually happening, to assess what needs to be done and to develop a strong sense of purpose. This was the young person is able to act out of a clear awargonness of their situation not out of anger or fear. They have a better chance of remaining tranquil in adversity and will have developed their inner strengths. Young people be no different to us, they want to sweep over stress. There is no simple technique that will guarantee a calm and peaceful mind because each young person is different and holes of factors atomic number 18 concern e.g. the young persons background, the support they endure draw upon, wellness, education. What you throne do is help young people to challenge the way that they think and in doing so improve their attitude, outlook and approach. You offer help young people to develop the inner discipline they need to identify those factors which lead to stress and those that help develop a calm and peaceful mind.Then it is a matter of simply helping the young person to experience firsthand the benefits of eliminating the electronegative factors and of cultivating the positive. Benefits are likely to include increased flexibility and creativity, existence more open and willing to reach out to others. This approach does not only benefit the young person merely their family, school or workplace and society as a whole. Each young person will have their own service line of happiness and no matter w hat good or bad things happen to them they will return to this level of happiness. This baseline potful be influence by how the young person sees a situation e.g. by comparing themselves with others they see as more fortunate their baseline happiness goes down. But if they compare themselves with those who are less fortunate it goes up. Research has also shown that when young people use their resources to help others their baseline happiness goes up. It can be helpful to explore with young people which thoughts they find helpful and which are harmful. Similarly they can explore which emotions and behaviours are helpful and which are harmful in monetary value in terms of the levels of stress experienced both short and longer term e.g. which behaviours provide temporary relief and which bring lasting happiness.There are a configuration of approaches and methods that can be used but it takes time and the repeated application of these techniques so that the young person becomes famil iar with what is happening, is able to identify the lessons learned and keep them when making decisions. It takes time for a young person to reflect on what brings lasting happiness and to reset their priorities and align their resources and efforts to what is truly of value and what gives their life meaning. Relationships are important to young people but it is often difficult for them to connect with others without fear and apprehension, they can be a major source of stress. Young people need help to understand how interconnected and interdependent we all are and how creation open and flexible, sharing problems can bring down barriers and reduce feelings of isolation. conversancy is important to our physical and psychological well-being.Young people need our help to understand the true meaning of intimacy i.e. the sharing of ones inner self with another. They also need help in finding opportunities to broaden their definition of intimacy by including friends, family, colleagues , acquaintances and even strangers, opening themselves up to opportunities to bond. One way is to explore with young people how they feel when they meet some tree trunk who is friendly and what are the practical benefits of this e.g. can turn to this person if I need help. You can then develop it further by exploring what it means to be the person who needs help by encouraging the young person to put themselves in the other persons place and explore how they would react using their imagination. Then taking it one step further by encouraging the young person to let go of their own viewpoint and to develop an awareness and respect for the other person feeling.Another approach might be to advance the young person to look for similarities in their own lives and those of others. It is a relationship in which we recognise that the young person is a fel low-toned human being with the same need to live a less stressful life and one where we are willing to reach out and offer human affectio n, warmth, familiarity and sensitivity to young peoples feelings. One of the major sources of relationship stress is the nature of power within the relationship. It can be helpful for young people to explore the sources of power, role and relationships before moving on to look at the feelings, what is shared and where there are connections.This approach is especially helpful in relating to each other as individuals, appreciating and valuing each others contribution. It is important to invest time in getting to know the young persons basic characteristics as an individual before trying to relate at a deeper level i.e. beyond the superficial, willing to share the ups and downs of their lives, to demonstrate a right and commitment. Building relationships with young people underpinned by feelings of compassion not only benefits young people it will also improve your own physical, emotional and psychical health. You will feel calmer and will be less likely to suffer from depression. Y ou will also have higher feelings of self-worthOrgan TransplantAn electric harmonium transmit replaces a failing electronic organ with a healthy organ. A doctor will remove an organ from another person and place it in your body. This whitethorn be done when your organ has stopped working or stopped working well because of disease or injury. Not all variety meat can be channelizeed. More than one organ can be transplanted at one time. For example, a centre of attention and lung transplant is possible.Not everyone is a good candidate for an organ transplant. Your doctor or a transplant center will do tests to see if you are. You probably are not a good candidate if you have an infection, heart disease that is not under control, a drug or alcohol problem, or another grave health problem. People who need an organ transplant often have to wait a long time for one. Doctors essential match donors to recipients to reduce the risk of transplant rejection. This is when the recipients body turns against the new organ, causing it to fail. People who have transplants must take drugs the rest of their lives to help keep their bodies from rejecting the new organ.Ironically, the increasing success rate of organ transplant procedures is one reason that organ transplant waiting lists have risen so dramatically since the late mid-eighties. The first organ transplants, performed in the late mid-fifties and 1960s, were characterized by high mortality place a major problem was that patients immune systems often rejected the foreign organ. The introduction of the drug cyclosporine in the 1980s helped mitigate this problem, and organ transplants subsequently became less experimental and more routine. Statistics indicate that in 1998 organ transplant procedures were successful 70 to 95 percent of the time, depending on the organ being transplanted. With these increasing success rates, more doctors have recommended the procedures. However, raising awareness about organ donat ion is a slow process, and the need for more organs is immediate. Thus the biggest dilemma facing the transplant community is, How can the number of organs available for transplant be increased?One intention is to reverse the current system in which doctors must obtain a patients (or his or her familys) consent in order to remove organs after death.Under a policy of presumed consent all patients would be presumed to want to become organ donors unless they explicitly state otherwise. Presumed consent proposals have consistently been met with strong opposition, however, on the grounds that they violate an individuals right to make medical decisions for themselves. Mandated choice or required response policies are less extreme alternatives to presumed consent. Advocates of mandated choice policies argue that rather than waiting for people to volunteer for organ donation, hospitals or government organizations should require individuals to state their preference about organ donation, pe rhaps when they obtain their drivers licenses or file tax returns. Texas, Colorado, and several other states have implemented required response policies, but, on average, rates of organ donation have not risen dramatically as a result. Researchers are also working on ontogenesis artificial organs.As of February 2002, five people have received fully self-contained artificial hearts. The artificial heart has rarely been used because it is still highly experimental and because recipients must be willing to have their own heart removed to make room for the artificial replacement. Although there are numerous technical hurdles to overcome in the field of artificial organs, researchers are hopeful Various laboratories in the United States and around the world are developing artificial hearts, lungs, livers, pancreases, bladders, and blood.In addition to developing artificial organs, scientists are working on techniques to grow human organs from a patients own cells.Instead of waiting for a donor, for example, a patient in need of a heart transplant might one day only have to wait until researchers can grow one in the laboratory. Some of the research involved in tissue engineering is tied up with cloning and stem cell research, and thus raises ethical questions. much(prenominal) research is also at the cutting edge of biotechnology, and therefore it may be decades before it bears fruit. Nevertheless, the medical community is eager to explore this potential solution to the organ shortage. Although tissue engineering, artificial organs, and xenotransplantation provide hope for the future, the thousands of people currently on organ transplant waiting lists are counting on altruistic organ donation. The field of organ transplantation is one of the miracles of modern medicine, but its power to save lives depends directly on the availability of organs.CAUSES AND EFFECT sampleobesity refers to excess centre of body fat, more than what is considered healthy for a given he ight. Generally, corpulency is more in females than males because men have more muscles than women muscles trim back more calories than other attribute of tissues that have tendency to accumulate fat. Obesity has many predisposing factors like genetic, lifestyles and emotional factors, which may result on serious health problems. Obesity has been a serious issues that happening among us. According to the reports, Malaysia was being ranked 6th in the Asia with high obesity issues in 2010. Obesity is always being misunderstood by the people whereby they think overweight is considered as obesity. However, obesity is about having too much fat in the body. It is related with the eating patterns and habits which fiddle an important part in order to live a healthy life. Therefore, obesity occurs with different causes and lead to several impacts on an individual.Do you know what the causes of obesity are? We never think about the causes of obesity, but they are very simple and common be cause it depends on the good habits that we have. If we count all the causes that provoke obesity maybe there are a lot, but we only need to focus on some of them. Because of emotional problems, bad eating, and the neglect of exercise many people are overweight. The first cause is concentrated on emotional problems because sometimes they eat a lot to forget the problems or to relieve a feeling of emptiness. Many overweight people eat all the things that they see on the refrigerator because they feel alone, they try to full their body with food because their somebody feels so bad and they need attention. Overweight people do that action to attract peoples attention because they need that other people to help them.Bad eating is the next cause that provokes obesity. Overweight people always eat junk food and it is the main cause why they increase their weight. They never eat fruits or vegetables, but always eat hamburgers, hotdogs, coca-cola, and others. This kind of food gives them m ore weight, in addition, gives them more problems. Overweight people eat because they need to eat, but its gluttony. The final cause is the lack of exercise which is important to reduce weight. People most of the times spend hours watching TV and dont do anything that help their health. The lack of exercise is common in overweight people due to they cant play, run, and they get tired very fast. Even when they cant do exercise, they need to try doing a little bit because its so important to lose weight. We know that emotional problems, bad eating, and the lack of exercise are some of the causes of obesity. If we dont pay attention to them, we will be exposed to many problems. This problem can be eradicated if we empty all the things that cause obesity because we need to take care of our lives. Obesity affects the individual and the country.The biggest effect is on the individual. First of all, being overweight has health risks. Obesity can lead to heart disease, diabetes, and other conditions. The quality of life suffers, as it is difficult to enjoy exercise or move. Another result is lack of self-esteem. This can lead to depression, eating disorders and crash diets. The country is also affected. It becomes very expensive for the government to provide advanced medical care such as heart transplants. Unhealthy citizens are also less productive. and their children learn poor eating habits. Obesity or even being overweight has serious effects on the individual and the society. Both need to take action to examine the causes of this problem and find solutions. Obesity, because it alters the relationship between the lungs, chest wall, and diaphragm, has been expected to alter respiratory function. Non-smoking, young adults with spirometry, lung volume measurement by nitrogen washout, and single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide .Changes in respiratory function were of two types, those that changed in proportion to degree of obesityexpiratory reserve volu me and those that changed only with extreme obesityvital capacity, total lung capacity, and maximal voluntary ventilation. When compared with commonly used predicting equations, we found that mean values of subjects grouped by degree of obesity were very close to predicted values, pull in those with extreme obesity in whom weight (kg)/height (cm) exceeded 1.0. In 29 subjects who lost a mean of 56 kg, significant increases in vital capacity, and maximal voluntary ventilation were found, along with a significant decrease in single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.Because most subjects fell within the generally accepted 95% confidence limits for the predicted values, we concluded that obesity does not usually veto use of usual predictors. An abnormal pulmonary function test value should be considered as caused by intrinsic lung disease and not by obesity, except in those with extreme obesity. In conclusion, obesity is a major problem which founded in every economic class and has a lot of complications .Obesity can be reduced by eating a healthy diet, including a variety of foods, especially grain products, vegetables and fruits. The diet should be moderate in salt and low in fat and cholesterol. Reinforce the need for regularly physical activity for at least 30 minutes each day. Obesity has brought a lot of disadvantages or negative impacts internally and externally in our life. Everyone should have start to concern with their health condition and daily lifestyle from now on to avoid obesity. A balance diet and regular exercise would be the key of a healthy lifestyle.CAUSES AND EFFECT OUTLINEIntroductionObesity refers to excess amount of body fat, more than what is considered healthy for a given height. Generally, obesity is more in females than males because men have more muscles than women muscles burn more calories than other type of tissues that have tendency to accumulate fat. Obesity has many predisposing factors like genetic, lifestyles and emotional factors, which may result on serious health problems. Obesity has been a serious issues that happening among us. According to the reports, Malaysia was being ranked 6th in the Asia with high obesity issues in 2010. Obesity is always being misunderstood by the people whereby they think overweight is considered as obesity. However, obesity is about having too much fat in the body. It is related with the eating patterns and habits which play an important part in order to live a healthy life. Therefore, obesity occurs with different causes and lead to several impacts on an individual.ConclusionObesity has brought a lot of disadvantages or negative impacts internally and externally in our life. To sum up, everyone should have start to concern with their health condition and daily lifestyle from now on to avoid obesity. A balance diet and regular exercise would be the key of a healthy lifestyle.

Off Balance Sheet Accounting

make wizard of equilibrium cruise finance is financing from sources other than debt or equity offerings, such as joint ventures, research and development partnership and operating(a) leases. For complex institutions such as banks, they increase their use of off shore subsidiaries and swap transactions to countermand disclosing liabilities. In other words, off balance woodworking plane account statement is a process which a business creates what is practically a debt that it must pay off, completely when the debt is accounted as another type of transaction that does not count as a liability. Similarly, this applies to addition similarly.Operating leasing is the most common form of off balance rag week financing. With leasing, on the one hand, an entity could acquire the right to use an asset through a rental agreement. On the other hand, the entity could purchase the same asset employ external finance. While the two arrangements may result in identical net cash flows to the entity, in the showcase of a purchase both the asset and the associated financing obligation appear on the entitys balance tack whereas in the formal scenario rental payments argon accounted for as a period expense, with the asset corresponding liability omitted from the entitys balance sheet.Entities used Special Purpose Entities (SPE), are also known as Variable Interest Entities (VIE) for off balance sheet treatment of deals. SPE or VIE is a corporation or partnership formed for the purpose of borrowing money to buy financial assets. Debts are move to a newly created partnership (SPE OR VIE) specifically to make a company look like it has far less debt than it actually does, which was the case with Enron. For example, a company needs to finance a business venture scarce doesnt want to take on the seek, or when there is too much debt to get a loan.By starting a new SPE, they can secure a loan through the new entity. There are situations where it makes sense to start a SPE . If a company wants to branch out into another area outside of its core business, a SPE will keep that risk from modify the main balance sheet and profitability of the company. The main factor that companies are doing off balance sheet accounting is to provide a better feeling balance sheet with lower reported debt to equity ratio, which usually results in driving their stock price higher. Nevertheless, omission of the asset could help to inflate submit on assets.This may make the firms look more creditworthy. For instance, by having operating leases, debt does not appear thus, reducing financial leverage with an increase in operating leverage. By having lower leverage ratio or higher operating leverage, it could attract more investments from investors therefore, it drives up the stock prices. Next, off balance sheet accounting allows the firms to receive benefits of the interest deduction for tax purposes while avoiding the obligation and the interest expense on its financial s tatements.In other words, firms with off balance sheet financing are likely to have tax interest expense that exceeds financial reporting interest expense. However, off balance sheet accounting has brought some impacts toward the stakeholders. Off balance sheet accounting removes the transparency from investors, markets and regulators. Firms use financial engineering to make their balance sheet appear that they are better capitalized and less precarious than they really are. Without transparency, investors and regulators can no longer accurately assess risks.This is because investors and regulators use the balance sheet as an anchor in their assessment of risk. The shareholders could only sound off at the extent of the firms exposure risks. This affects the judgment of stakeholders and, it could bring tremendous loss to the stakeholders when the firms collapse. The Enron accounting fraud will best illustrate this. In order to overcome this issue, regulators have established severa l methods through Sarbanes-Oxley Act, MD&A as well as new rules on leasing.The Securities and Exchange flush issues final rules implementing Section 401(a) of the Act relating to the disclosure of off balance sheet arrangement, contractual obligation and contingent liabilities. These rules require disclosure of off balance sheet arrangement that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on a companys condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.The disclosure includes elements such as the nature and business purposes to the company of the off balance sheet arrangement and the importance to the reporting company of the liquidity, capital resources, market risk support, credit risk support or other benefits provided by the arrangement. Nonetheless, firms are to key the amounts of revenues, expenses and cash flows of the company arisin g from the arrangements as well as the nature and amounts of interest retained, securities issued and other debt incurred by the company in connection with the arrangements.The rules also require human beings companies to disclose in a tabular format in their MD&A the amounts of payments due under specified contractual obligations, aggregated by crime syndicate of contractual obligation. The quintuplet categories of contractual obligations, consisting of long term debt obligations, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations and other long term debt liabilities reflected on the companys balance sheet. The table must disclose what portion of payments under these obligations is due within less than one year, from one to three years, from three to five years and more than five years.To encourage the disclosure on off balance sheet arrangement, the amended rules include a safe harbor that applies the alert statutory safe harbors protecting forward-lo oking information required by the rules. With regard to the disclosure of off balance sheet arrangements, the safe harbor proviso indicates that the meaningful cautionary statements element of the statutory safe harbor will be satisfied if the company satisfies all the requirements of the amended rules relating to off balance sheet disclosures.As mentioned above, operating leases can be exploited by entities for off-balance sheet financing using an operating lease to obtain assets, thereby not increasing leverage and not decreasing return on assets. The proposed new standard on leases by the joint project of FASB and IASB, currently under development, moves away from the current risk and returns basis to a right of use basis. The lessee and the lessor will recognize assets and liabilities individually for all rights and obligations arising from a lease contract.There will no longer be separate treatments for operating and finance leases all leases will be accounted for on the sam e basis. In short, operating leasing contract is no longer available and only finance leasing will be used for accounting in the near future. In short, off balance sheet accounting could be use but only with appropriate disclosures are done. By having the disclosures, balance sheet is more transparent to the stakeholders and, the stakeholders do not need to have a wild animadvert on the risk of a company. Stakeholders investments are said to be more secured.

What Is Diabetes Type 1 Health And Social Care Essay

Type 1 Diabetes, which can be used to be called juvenile onslaught or Insulin-Dependent Diabetess Mellitus ( IDDM ) and normally appears during childhood, teenage old ages, or early maturity. It is an autoimmune disease, intending that the immune system has mistaken its ain pancreas for foreign tissue and destroys the pancreatic cellular telephones that produce insulin, which is a endocrine. As a consequence, people with Type 1 Diabetes produce about no insulin ( 1 ) . Furthermore, IDDM is largely inherited by the parent cell as the research said if you have a household member with Type 1 Diabetes, your find is approximately five to sextette per centum, compared to the hazard in general population which is 0.4 % ( 2 ) . Diabetes was the 7th prima cause of decease listed on U.S. decease certifications in 2006. This ranking is based on the 72,507 decease certifications in 2006 in which diabetes was listed as the underlying cause of decease ( 3 ) . Therefore, are at that place any p ossible solutions to get the wear of this job?Neuropathic ulcer may show on the pess of diabetic people.Beginning hypertext transfer protocol //www.epodiatry.com/resource/images/Edmond.gif( 178 WORDS )A POSSIBLE SolutionInsulin meat therapyAlpha cell secrete glucagon Raises glucose degreeIslet cellof the pancreasBeta cell secrete glucagon Lowers glucose degreeIn the Islet cell of pancreas, Beta cell shufflings insulin. When immune system destroys beta cell, insulin can non be produced. As a consequence the cells in our organic structures will non be able to treat the glucose and accordingly have no energy for motion ( 6 ) . Furthermore, the glucose is unable to be transferred from farm animal stream to the cells and the glucose degrees in the blood will be loftyer than normal. Hence, insulin spunk therapy is needed to get the better of this job.( 283 WORDS )Insulin pump is a little mechanical device, a small larger than a beeper that is worn remote the organic structure, fre quently on a belt or in a pocket. It delivers insulin into the organic structure via an extract set which is injected beneath the tegument at the extract site ( 7 ) .Nipro Diabetes Systems Amigo OmniPod Insulin Management SystemNipro Diabetes Systems Amigo OmniPod Insulin Management SystemExamples of insulin pump. Beginning hypertext transfer protocol //www.childrenwithdiabetes.com/pumps/index.htmGraph 1 shows the age distri scarceion at the clip of diagnosing for members of the Insulin Pumpers. Beginning hypertext transfer protocol //www.insulin-pumpers.org/about.shtmlFrom graph 1, we can see that most of the users of pumpers are kids and adolescents. About 1119 insulin pumpers have been recorded until 25th of celestial latitude 2009, which shows a great figure of populations that had been infected with this disease.( 407 WORDS )Over the old ages, a figure of different types and trade names of insulin have been developed to represent into different demands.TypeBrand NameOnsetExtre mumDurationRemarksFast playingHumalogNovolog5 15proceedingss45 90 proceedingss3 4 hoursHumanThe fastest-acting insulin availableIntermediatepitifulrecombinant human insulin LHumulin NNovolin LNovolin N1 3hours6 12 hours20 24 hoursHumanLong movingHumulin U4-6 hours18-28 hours28 hoursHumanNormally used in combination with a faster-acting insulin to translate proper control at mealmultiplicationUltra-longmovingLantus1.1 hoursNo extremumChangeless concentration over 24 hoursHumanInjected one time day-to-day at bedtimeMixturesHumulin 50/50Humulin 70/30Novolin 70/30Humalog Mix 75/25VariesVariesVariesVariesVariesVariesThe Numberss refer to per centum of NPH ( 1st figure ) and regular ( 2nd figure )Available in phials, pen-fill cartridges, and prefilled panpipes75 % NPL ( a new NPH forwardness ) and 25 % lispro available in disposable pen.Beginning hypertext transfer protocol //www.lifeclinic.com/focus/diabetes/supply_insulin.aspThe end of insulin pump therapy is to copy the insul in secernment form which can be seen in people without diabetes. Normally there are two form of insulin releaseBasal insulin or background insulin which is continuously released from the beta cells and regulates the glucose production from liver.Bolus insulin, which is insulin released in response to food and controls the glucose alterations after repasts ( 2 ) .There are four types of bolus form which can assist the pumpers to find what is best for any given nutrient and by accommodating the bolus form to their demands, it will better control of blood lolly.Standard bolus.JPGExtended bolus.JPGCombo bolus.JPGSuper bolus.JPGSource hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_pumpAll the graphs show the bolus form in order to find what the best nutrient is should be taken in order to better control of blood sugar. The standard bolus people should take pitiful protein and low fat repasts while extended bolus diabetic covering high fat high protein repasts such as stea k, which will be raising blood sugar for many hours past the oncoming of the bolus. Furthermore, those who have combination bolus is appropriate for high fat repasts such as pizza and cocoa bar but the ace bolus people moldiness take certain nutrients ( like sugary breakfast cereals ) which cause a big post-prandial extremum of blood sugar. It attacks the blood sugar extremum with the fastest bringing of insulin that can be practically achieved by pumping.SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONFirst and first, after being diagnosed as diabetic, well-nigh of them can non accept the fact and take some clip to mourn their loss. Some of them might fell depressed for illustration Katherine G who was diagnosed with diabetes and maintain intercommunicate what had I done incorrect? And wanted to thwack every overweight individual she saw ( 1 ) . They besides worried about the following coevals as Type 1 Diabetes is inherited and acquire stress believing about the complication of diabetes which c ause them to utilize wheelchair because has no pess and besides being wheel around in order to utilize the dialysis machine. They may lose their ego regard to confront the universe. Some might be under force per unit of measurement rural area as they have to be strict on their nutrient consumption as they have to follow the diet for diabetic and they need to take a messiness of medical specialty and besides injection.In order to acquire the preventative for diabetes, more money has to be disbursement as the pumpers are high in cost. Diabetes impacting the earning or active member of the household affects non merely that single but might frequently hold important consequence on the household. The scotch load of diabetes is increasing as the epidemic grows. As per WHO estimates, diabetes drains a important per centum of the wellness budget by cost towards direct diabetes attention and diabetes related disablements. Diabetess associated complications work out for 60 % of diabete s related direct wellness attention costs and about 80-90 % of indirect costs. In India, for illustration, the poorest people with diabetes spend an norm of 25 % of their income on personal attention. The most that they can pay for are interventions that keep them alive by blunting the highest, rapidly fatal degrees of blood sugar. In 2007, the universe is estimated to pass at to the lowest degree(prenominal) USD 232 billion to handle and forestall diabetes and its complications. By 2025, this lower-bound estimation will transcend USD 302.5 billion ( 11 ) .BENEFIT AND RISKAdvantagesBEST hbA1c s in front the pumpBEST hbA1c s utilizing the pumpThe graph shows the hbA1C degree before and after utilizing insulin pump. Beginning hypertext transfer protocol //www.insulin-pumpers.org/about.shtmlThe degree of hbA1C lessenings with an norm of 6.3 after utilizing the insulin pump. So, it can take down(p) the hazard of developing long-run complications for case shot, bosom disease, sightl essness, kidney failure and besides amputation.Pumpers have been shown to see lesser episodes of terrible hypoglycemia than those who take injections, including during the dark. Clinical surveies shown that utilizing fast moving insulin, the glucose control can be improved with less hazard of hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the pumper can maintain up-to-date with their day-to-day agenda. They are flexible to travel and free to make what they want for illustration they can maintain on the pump during exerting in the eventide. Insulin pumpers require an extract set alteration merely approximately trio times a hebdomad, or 156 interpolations a twelvemonth but the injection can accomplish mean more than 1,400 injection per twelvemonth.DisadvantagesAn episode of diabetic diabetic acidosis aa obligation of unequal insulin degrees ensuing in high blood force per unit area and accretion of organic acids and ketones in the blood may take topographic point if the pumpers do non have sufficient sum of fast acting insulin for many hours. There is high hazard of infection if the catheter site of cannula has non been changed every threesome yearss and besides skin reactions such as roseolas may look at the site of cannula. This therapy is really expensive as pumps are high monetary values. By utilizing insulin therapy, the society might cognize that you have diabetes since this is one of the popular ways to bring around it ( 12 ) . Some of diabetic might develop record overing vision shortly after get downing insulin due to a alteration of lens refraction and it will rectify itself within two to three hebdomads ( 13 ) .ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONSDiet for diabeticsIf diabetes people eat excessively much, diabetic control will deteriorate but if they eat excessively small, leads to hypoglycaemia. Carbohydrate mustiness be taken in little sums for aged and sedentary but in big sum for active people like adolescents. This must be taken at chief repasts illustration breakfast, tiffin and dinner ( 13 ) . When taking on empty tummy, intoxicant can take down down the glucose degree. Diabetics should restrict saccharide in liquid signifier as they are quickly absorbed. Furthermore, they should extinguish all refined sugars and starches and must intake a batch of fibre-rich veggies and fruits in their diet. This is because fibers slow down glucose soaking up and prevent high glucose degrees after repasts. They must take protein and restricted ruddy meats and besides trans-fats. Saturated fats must be reduced and take a batch of bosom healthy mono-saturated fats and omega 3.ExertingPeoples, who exercise on a regular basis, when compared to those who do non exert, diminish their chance of developing diabetes by 30 to 50 % . Exercise aid by bettering the bodyaaa?s to utilize insulin and causes cholesterin degree and blood force per unit area to drop ( 14 ) . Aerobic exercising Burnss Calories to assist in pull offing the weight, beef up the bosom and lungs and gives e ndurance. In other word, it improves the bodyaaa?s ability to utilize insulin and prevent diabetes. We must make warm up and chill down earlier and after exerting. Take at least 20 proceedingss and three times a hebdomad to exercising. Furthermore exercising can increase the consumption of glucose by musculuss therefore increase in bread consumption. We must take adequate saccharide before exerting but overdose of saccharide will consequences in hyperglycemia. As diabetes, insulin must be sufficient before and after exercising because strenuous exercising and deficient insulin will decline diabetic control ( 15 ) .Supplement vitamin and herbsVitamin E helps fade out orthogonal coagulum in venas and cut down the O demand of tissue and cell. Furthermore, it besides helps to from new tegument ( in mending the ulcer and Burnss ) and increases the blood supply to weave, therefore reduces diabetes sphacelus and amputations. Vitamin E reduces the demand for insulin in 30 % of diabetes ( 16 ) .Biotin is B vitamin that maps in industry and usage of saccharide, fat and amino acids. It enhances insulin sensitiveness and increase the activity of enzyme glucokinase, enzyme responsible for the first measure in the usage of glucose in liver as this enzyme is low in diabetic. It besides helps in the intervention of diabetic neuropathy ( 17 ) .Evaluation

Happiness in marriage Essay

Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. With reference to marriages in vanity and Prejudice, to what extent is this state ment true?Marriage is the key issue in Pride and Prejudice, and Austen uses class structure, publicners and proper behaviour in society to gild the topic. It is the overall picture given by these subjects that tell us about the blessedness a woman could expect from entering the state of marriage, whether marrying for love and felicity, or, as seems the sensible choice in the case of many of the characters, for money and financial security. Pride and Prejudice explores the situations that many young ladies found themselves put in, and whether or not it was possible to achieve fulfilment and joy if you were to marry for the last mentioned.In the bennet household, particularly, marriage is a truely poignant subject. For Mrs bennet, she feels it is essential for her girls (and for herself) that they should marry well, as otherwise they stand to lose everything without a son to take over the estate. Her feelings be make clear at the beginning, once she has heard that a wealthy Mr Bingley has of late moved to the neighbourhood. Without any association or regard for his character, she immediately jumps to the conclusion that it is a fine thing for our girls. This statement is made purely on the conscious(predicate)ness of his hand just about fortune, and of the happiness and fortune that it could bring her. She uses the word girls, and this shows that she doesnt care for individual happiness, further she does want one of them married to him, never mind which.Her throw marriage is described as lacking in find, jimmy and confidence, and through Elizabeths eyes it is improper and unsuitable. Although their marriage was based chiefly on an attraction on Mr Bennets part, Jane Austen states that it had been an imprudent move, and that he had married a woman whose weak understanding and illiberal mind had very early in their marriage put an end to all real affection. The totally happiness he seems to have from the marriage is his constant mocking of his wife for his own amusement, and marvelling at her ignorance.The marriage which exists is based on a fancy rather than the three qualities that Jane Austen, through Elizabeth, attributes to true marital happiness for both(prenominal) partners respect, esteem and confidence, which is exactly what Mr and Mrs Bennet dont have for all(prenominal) other. Mrs Bennet, for her own daughters marriages, sees the purpose as a way of supporting themselves, and gaining or so kind of financial security, and the bigger the fortune, the better the match. When Elizabeth turns down the heir to Longbourn, Mr Collins, she phrases to her daughter If you go on refusing every offer of marriage, you pass on never get a husband, and I am sure I do not know who is to maintain you when your father is dead. This view is one shared by Char jackpotte, although she does n ot carry her opinions so openly.Charlotte Lucas is a realist. Her role in the book is to represent the thoughts and intentions of many ladies in eighteenth century society. What numerous young women were doing, whether they were influenced by their mothers or not, was to pay off a cautious and prudent marriage. As a girl of twenty-seven, plain, and in danger of dying an old maid, she has taken on the view that happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance is a reference to the fact that women did pre-dominantly marry for money, not indeed love. She even goes as far as to advise Elizabeth on a match with Mr Darcy, although Elizabeths feelings are prejudiced towards him. She tells Elizabeth not to be a simpleton, and allow her fancy for Wickham make her appear tart in the eyes of Darcy a man ten times his consequence.This shows her prudence, that although Elizabeth has admitted she has feelings for Wickham, she should keep herself open to anyone who pays her a compliment, an d is wealthier. It is this theory that influences her own marriage with Mr Collins, for although there is no real affection on her side, he can offer her protection and a comfortable life.The practical nature of her marriage causes her to justify herself to her best friend, and she openly admits to her I am not a romantic, I never was. Immediately, this tells us that this marriage is not the result of a offenseate affair, it is the conclusion that her chance of happiness with him is as fair as most people can boast on entering the marriage state. This statement is quite shocking, because it means the wedding takes place with no real affection on either side it is done merely for self-gain. This view is excessively made clear when she comments on Jane and Bingleys relationship When Jane is plug of him (i.e. a wedding or engagement has taken place), there will be leisure for falling in love as much as she chuses.Although Mr Collins seems to be clever, when he tells Elizabeth that We (he and Charlotte) seem to have been designed for each(prenominal) other, we have to go back to the fact that Charlotte was his third choice. He had favoured Jane, before Mrs Bennet enlightened him with the information that she believed that she would soon be engaged to Bingley, and it was only afterwards, when Elizabeth had turned his offer of marriage down, that he showed any regard for Charlotte. He proposed twice in three days, and so it is clear that no real feelings of admiration on either part could have developed strongly. This marriage is established on the ground that Mr Collins wants to set an example to his parishioners, and, much importantly in his eyes, to please his wealthy patroness, Lady Catherine.Mr. Collins also remarks on Elizabeths situation, as his wife had done previously when he says that her portion is unhappily so small that it will in all likelihood undo the effects of her loveliness and attractive qualifications. The Lucases are by no means wealthy , but Mr Collins is not looking for wealth, he is looking to add to his happiness by obtaining a companion. He came with the intention of returning home with a Bennet bride, but failing that he has an intelligent, practical woman, who has gone into a marriage with no pre-wedding romance, but to be content with her quite prosperous situation. As Elizabeth observes, Charlotte was disgracing herself and sunk in her esteem, was added the distressing conviction that it was impossible for that friend to be tolerably happy in the lot she had chosen.In direct contrast to Charlottes carefully thought about match, Lydia rushes into a passionate and imprudent marriage. Society almost expected women to marry in a higher place their own wealth and station, to make a sensible union, but it was a disgrace to have an affair it was essential that a woman should keep her virtue. Lydia, however, did the latter but not the first. Inside these parameters, Lydia is a slur on her already tarnished famil y name. Herr quite insincere love caused her to follow her heart, and go against the foresight that was instilled in so many young women, essentially from birth. Her love can be described more as a fancy, because it holds none of the virtues so important to Elizabeth, and therefrom Jane Austens eyes respect, esteem and gratitude. However, the match between herself and Wickham gives them both happiness, and, although her family does not share their feelings, her decision, however misguided, does give her happiness.Prior to the marriage, she writes for there is but one man in the world I love, and he is an angel. This view is in opposition to Charlottes, that one must marry into good fortune, and then see what happiness may come of it, if any at all. Lydias perception of Wickham is unchanged when she writes again, once Elizabeth and Darcy are married. She says that If you love Mr Darcy half so well as I do my dear Wickham, you must be very happy. Although on initially embarking on he r elopement, the marriage looked as though it was a flirtatious whim, especially on the part of Wickham, by the end, there is no real relationship development, except that they still love each other.From the circumstances surrounding both of their families, it is safe to say that Wickham is not marrying for wealth, it is for his apparent love for Lydia. Previously, he had been engaged to Mary King, a wealthy heiress of ten thousand pounds, and Elizabeth had said of the match a wise and desirable measure for both hand roughly young men must have something to live on, as well as the plain. As Colonel Fitzwilliam said of men Our habits of expense make us too dependent, and there are not many in my rank of life who can afford to marry without some attention to money. However, these identical motives are not seen in his match with Lydia, although it is true to say that unless Darcy had intervened, they may not have married.Elizabeth also observes that his affections for Lydia were not fitting to Lydias for him.that their elopement had been brought on by the strength of her love. She also wonders why he chose to elope with her at all, before coming to the conclusion that some financial gain must have been the reason, and if that were the case, he was not the young man to resist an opportunity of having a companion. However, these reasons have not impair Lydias enjoyment of married life, nor Wickhams, as she is constantly praising him he is always her dear, and he did everything the best in the world. Whether these observations are made due to Lydias ignorance, or her blindness in her fancy, she does not seem to have tired of him, as Mr Bennet had of Mrs Bennet soon after their wedding. person who has married for both money and affection is Jane. There is a mutual attraction between her and Mr Bingley, and this leads onto, we presume, matrimonial bliss. Their relationship is fixed firmly on a rational basis, and they both share an optimistic view of the world. El izabeth, early on in the book, comments on the likelihood that Janes marriage would be for money, not love, but by the end, Jane and Bingleys equally happy manners and charming countenances mean that there is equality in their affections unlike Wickham and Lydia, where there is more fondness on her side. Their shared admiration for one another gives the foundation for equilibrium, that there will be a good balance of respect, esteem and confidence on both sides. Mr Bingley says that he could not conceive an angel more attractive, while Jane says of Bingley, albeit in private, that she never saw such happy manners.With these observations, this is a match will lead to domestic felicity that luck and chance will have no role in the marriage it has been carefully thought out, and although it is practical, it is also a match which will bring happiness on both sides. Elizabeth describes him as violently in love, and goes on to say, at the request of her aunt, that he was whole engrosse d in her and his inattention to anyone else, meant that this was the very essence of love. Mr Bennet, immediately after the engagement had been announced tells his daughter that you will be a very happy womanI have no doubt of your doing very well together. These views are ones shared by all, because it is obvious from their first physical attraction, and also their same manner, that they were well suited, and that their pleasure is secured by such high regard.However, when Elizabeth announces her engagement, her father is not as convinced that she will be as happy as Jane is. Her knowledge of Darcys gallantry has grown, whereas her fathers has been stifled, and so he doubts her true happiness when he says I know your true disposition, Lizzy. I know that you could be neither happy nor respectable unless you truly esteemed your husband. However, his understanding of her true feelings could not be further from the truth. Throughout the entire book, it seems Darcy and Elizabeths relati onship is the only one that has grown in understanding and estimation of one another. Respect on both sides has grown, because as they have gained more knowledge, they have also gained more esteem. This is the one relationship where there is a true shift from almost hate to true love.The re-assessment of characters allows us to see the real feelings behind the relationship, and even with Jane and Bingleys, although they respect one another, their connection is based centrally around admiration, whereas Darcy and Elizabeth have had to conquer their own pride and prejudice to have a full understanding of each other. Throughout the novel, Austen dropped hints about Darcys interest into Elizabeths intriguing character, but Elizabeth showed no interest in Darcy, except to air her feelings of intolerance at his rarefied nature. Mrs Gardiner, whose marriage is a very good example of what a happy relationship should aim to achieve, is very motherly towards Elizabeth and gives her competen t advice, rather than nonsensical schemes for marriage.She advises her on her fancy for Mr Wickham affection for Wickham would be so very imprudent because of his want of fortune. The relationships in the book are mainly seen through the eyes of Elizabeth, and it is she who determines whether they are happy or not. She was full of scorn for Charlottes match with her fathers cousin, and when she advised Elizabeth that Jane should secure him and than fall in love, she made a witty and ironic comment, which tells us that she would only marry for a love that had been determined before a ceremony Where nothing is in question but the trust of being well married and if I were determined to get a rich husband, or any husband, I dare say I should remove it.In short, Lizzy represents Austens own view on marriage, that one should truly know, admire and respect a person before entering the state. Her mother complained to Mrs Gardiner, that had it not been for Lizzys perverseness she could hav e married Mr Collins. With views such as this, it is little wonder that the intelligent Elizabeth has such guarded opinion of marriage she had always been aware of the impropriety of her own parents union, that this could put her off entering into marriage with someone she did not hold esteem for. It is this reasoning that allows her to fall in love with Darcy, and visa versa. Her unconventional views on what should be established prior to an engagement contrast with many of the motives for the marriages in the book.Lydia and Wickham, as well as Mr Bennet had all been headlong in their reasons, and these marriages, although they could bring happiness for at least some amount of time would not have been as morally successful as Elizabeth and Darcy, whose marriage is based on mutual esteem. Whereas Charlotte had thought about the espousal, and then agreed, much to the disdain of her friend, her happiness is impaired, because the marriage is not based on love, as Elizabeths is, it is p rincipled on common gain, as were many matches in the society. Not only do Darcy and Elizabeth respect and gratify each other, they also share common interests, such as reading, as well as having the same elegant tastes. These qualities ensure happiness, unlike Mr and Mrs Bennet, where remark of the mind is essential to one, and stimulation of the tongue necessary for the other.Pride and Prejudice is a very good example of what different types of marriages can achieve a good home and security, passion and fun or intelligent companionship. Marriage opens up different ways to different types of happiness, but true happiness can only be achieved on the grounds of honour and deference. Lydia, and to some extent Wickham, are happy, despite the different morals in their marriage, when compared to Charlotte and Mr Collins marriage.Darcy and Elizabeth are happy because they knew, appreciated and respected each other before entering matrimony, whereas Wickham and Lydia entered marriage with little but their fancy for each other to base their lives together on. In my opinion, Darcy and Elizabeths match is better, because their happiness is determined before marriage, not decided afterwards. Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance is true to some marriages, but in a carefully calculated marriage, based on respect, esteem and confidence, the question of chance is indifferent.

Bangladeshi Soft Drinks Market

Soft Drings Executive Summary The purpose of this term paper was to focus on carbonate beverages (Pepsi and Mojo Cola). Theterm paper represents the different types of marting activites at a lower dumbfoundtaken by some(prenominal) products tohold customers of BangladeshThis report similarly gives an overview of beverage industry in Bangladesh and also an overview ofPepsi and Mojo dopes pargonnt companies. Akij Food & drinkable Ltd. has been established at a beautiful site Krishnapura, Dhamrai ofcapital of Bangladesh. It has arrest with the best regimen & beverage in Bangladesh. There be discordant types of drink.Mojo is the scrape piss of skunk, Lemu is the brand name of puke and Speed is the brand name ofenergy drink. Immediately after the introduction of the brand it became very popular among itsconsumer because of the high quality and intensive dispersion in some(prenominal) nook and box seat of thecountry. Checky Monkey is the brand name of banana chips prod uced from this factory. It also isbecoming popular chips in Bangladesh. Most of our Raw materials pay back from various foreigncountries. The quality is very strictly controlled. At every stage, non standard products are rejected. On the new(prenominal) hand Pepsi Co. is a multinational company.Originated in The USA Carolina in 1898. Since indeed it has been able to stay in competition with its biggest rival Coca-Cola. Pepsi, now is aworldwide brand and consumed by millions of people. Pepsi was introduced in Bangladesh byTranscom Group. As a corporate citizen Pepsico believes it has a state to contribute to thequality of life in our communities. Transcom Beverage Ltd has put into action this philosophythrough reliever of social agencies, projects and programs and the scope of this support is considerableand it has non been difficult to blend with this philosophy since the TRANSCOM theme alsofollowed such a corporate ideologyChapter1 1. 1 INTRODUCTION (Beverage industry of Ba ngladesh) After independence of Bangladesh the food habit of people has been changed a lot. Besides our conventional food consumer of Bangladesh like to take western food also after 1980s. As a result ofglobal commercializeing this was not too grueling for the consumers. Different foreign food companies wereestablished in Bangladesh. Beverage industry is one of them. But more interestingly we dontknow beverage is also our cultural food because beverage doesnt mean yet carbonated drinks.Yoghurt, soup and lacchi are also beverage of our own tradition which consumed for the last 100years in Bangladesh. But carbonated beverage is new in Bangladesh and today our research is oncarbonated beverage market in Bangladesh and consumer reaction to it. Carbonated beverage entered into our market in the later fiber of 1980. At that time in that respect were onlyfew companies in Bangladesh. But by the change of time and western culture influences itsbecome very popular in Bangladesh. By year 2000 more than 12 Beverage Company operatingbusiness in Bangladesh and approximately of them are foreign companies. Bangladesh Beverage 2006)At present thither are 19 beverage companies operating business in Bangladesh. They are 1. Transcom Beverage Ltd. 2. Sun Crest Beverage Industries Ltd 3. Abdul Monem Limited 4. K. Rahman and Company 5. Eastern Beverage Industries Ltd. 6. Sanowara Drinks and Bev. md. Ltd. 7. Asia Business Ltd. 8. Desh Beverage Co. Ltd 9. Northern Beverage Ltd. 10. National Beverage Industries Ltd. 11. Bridge Corporation Limited 12. Tezarat Enterprise 13. Southern Beverage Ltd. 14. K. Rahman and Company 15. Bangladesh Beverage Ind. Ltd. 16. capital of Bangladesh Beverage Industries Ltd 17.Sunny Foods and Beverage Ltd. 18. Tabani Beverage Co. Ltd. 19. K. Rahman and Company 1. 2 Akij Food & Beverage Ltd Akij Food & Beverage Ltd. has been established at a beautiful site Krishnapura, Dhamrai ofDhaka. It has come with the best food & beverage in Bangladesh. There are various types of drink. Mojo is the brand name of sess, Lemu is the brand name of Lemon and Speed is the brand name ofenergy drink. Immediately after the introduction of the brand it became very popular among itsconsumer because of the high quality and intensive distribution in every nook and corner of thecountry.Checky Monkey is the brand name of banana chips produced from this factory. It also is becomingpopular chips in Bangladesh. Most of our Raw materials come from various foreign countries. The quality is very strictlycontrolled. At every stage, non standard products are rejected. 1. 3 Transcom Beverage limited On the basis of an exclusive Franchise for Bangladesh from Pepsico USA, TBL acquired threemodern bottling plants at Dahaka, Chittagong and Bogra from BBIL Dhaka Chittagong and NBIL,Bogra in serve 2000. TBL manufactures the famous range of beverages-Pepsi, 7up, Mirinda.As a corporate citizen Pepsico believes it has a responsibility to contribute to the quality of life in ourcommunities. TBL has put into action this philosophy through support of social agencies, projectsand programs and the scope of this support is extensive and it has not been difficult to blend withthis philosophy since the TRANSCOM group followed such a corporate ideology. Chapter2 2. 1 verifiable OF THE STUDY This term paper would focus on market segmentation, marketing mix, consumer attitudes towardsbeverage drinks of Bangladesh (i. e.Mojo and Pepsi). It should be noticed that this report has beenmake in the context of East Pakistani market and different segmentations and promotional activitesanalyzed in this report are solely based on the Bangladeshi consumers perspective . E. g. It willdiffer from country to country. If Mojo becomes multinational and goes to countries like K. S. A,Libya, The U. S. A, The U. K. Then the underway activities undertaken by Mojo has to be changed in roam to stay in worldwide competition. Because, cultures vary from country to country. 2. 2 S ource of informationDue to limited time maximum data were collected from theinternet, surf to shop survey was through with(p) in order to estimate the sales of these beverages. 2. 3 Limitation The major drawback while preparing this report was inadequate time as a resultthe report lacks some potential information. Moreover, referable to class schedule clash in depthresearch on the topic was hampered. Some informations were not disclosed by Mojo dealers(Palashi, Azimpur) as they considered these informations to be confidential. Information on Pepsi was gathered from the internet and local anesthetic shops as Pepsi is a multinational company.Adequateinformation about(predicate) Pepsi is not open from the context of Bangladesh. Chapter3 3. 1 Mojo (Information) Mojo, is a brand of Akij Food and Beverage Ltd. , a sister concern ofprominent group of companies of Bangladesh, Akij Group. In the year 2007 Mojo was themarket ch each(prenominal)enger in Bangladeshi cola market with a sal es of about 52 crores BDT. The brandwas launched in 14th April, 2005 tar confirming the youth of Bangladesh who like the Bangladeshitrends. completely there years, Mojo is doing quite good in the market and competing strong with otherbrands.Mojos pricing is its advantage but it has to meliorate its image & product quality. Unfortunately, Mojo is lagging behind repayable to inadequate promotional activities. E. g. Slogan,names meaning etc. It has also failed to get its own spot the tar sire consumers. However, still now Mojo has the potential to recover its own position (according tosurvey). Consumer behaviour such as perception, attitude, self-orientation and life style, thisreport has found out some drawbacks and recommended some affective strategies to recoverthose issues successfully. 3. 2 Market SituationMojo is not far behind in order to anticipating the contemporary market situation. After being inthe introduction stage for a short period of time Mojo is successfully n ow in the growthstage and doing well for its good annotation and unique marketing effort. With theintention of increasing sale and obtaining market share Mojo is targeting and creating awell company position into the market. To collect information regarding market, serviceperformance, competition and distribution Mojo is always evolution promotionalstrategies, consorts and carrying out market surveys. 4 April 2010, Mojo arranged afair and the duration was three days. It was held on field of Pranthapoth. They welcomedthe Bangla year 1417 very nicely. Because who had a bottle of Mojo, then that persongot the entry in the concert without any ticket. 3. 3 Target Market Most of the blue-blooded drink companies are now targeting the upstart generation and indeed this is the besttarget for any soft drink companies. Keeping this thing on mind Mojo has decided to targetespeci whollyy the young generation along with the people from various types of socio-economicclasses.Akij Group is now offering extensive distribution channel in order to capture and get throughsure the proper distribution of Mojo so that young generation cigarette easily avail it where ever they arein the country. drop dead time we saw in Mojo advertise that an old couple were sharing a bottle of Mojo. So, they cleared that it is not only a product for the young people but also their target is alsosenior citizens. Though Mojo is hardly preferred by Old aged people. PROFILE OF THE TARGET MARKET Cola drinks normally follow an undifferentiated marketing dodge to target their consumer.Keeping this fact in mind, we conducted a sample survey by selecting random sample fromdifferent places. The following password will attempt to analyze the profile of the target marketbased on the sample group. 3. 4 Demographic Factors Age Age is the major determinants in targeting the consumers. MOJO reflects the Bangladeshi cultureand it represents youth. From our survey, we cod found that MOJO is most preferred i n the agegroup between 20-25 years (85% of 100). Moreover, the least MOJO preference comes fromdeuce age groups 25-35 years and 35-45 years, about 1%. SexBeverage is employ for thirst-quenching purpose and this product is gender neutral, meaning there isno such kind of obligation to consume the product for male or female. However, from our surveyoutcome, we admit found that 71% of the consumers are male and 29% are female from 100. Allthe respondents are from urban location. MARKETING MIX 4PS OF MOJO5. 1 Product The product MOJO cola has come with the following variations in the market- 250 ml bottle 500 ml bottle 1000 ml or 1 liter bottle 150 ml can The MOJO Cola has been made with a proper technology. So there is no chance to occurfluctuation in taste.The cola drinks contain a very strong taste which can compete with the marketleader Coca- Cola and RC cola. Other Factors Meaning of MOJO Meaning of MOJO is the idea or feeling the respondent corroborate straightway after hea ring the name oranalyzing it. To 60% respondents, MOJO means fun or enjoyment. To 14% it means nothing. Inaddition, other 26% varies within music or art, sports, thirst passion etc. Competition Soft drink market always offer high level of competition among companies. Because,soft drink is a degraded moving consumer good and its demand always fluctuate based onseveral reasons (E. . Taste, weather conditions, etc. ). It included the degree of competition andintensity of competition. So in that case both the degree and intensity of competition are very highfor Mojo. Because the market it was operating was already touched by big companies such asCoke, Pepsi, Royal Crown Cola. Surprisingly, these whale companies are considering Mojo, as aravenous competitor in the market. So its a good news for Mojo that competitors like Coca Cola, Pepsi are thinking about Mojo consciously. It is because Mojo has already ginger snapbed good portionof Bangladeshi beverage market share.Mojo believes th at they have the strong distribution power,creative marketers, financial power and quality to grab competitions market share as well asincrease their own selling. Before preparing the term paper we made a brief market survey and we saw that in every popular market of Dhaka city, wholesalers are very active and demand is veryhigh. Distribution The strongest point of MOJO is their intensive distribution channel. They make this thingpossible because Akij Group of industries especially their beverage field has a profoundlogistic and supply chain management system.So they can easily go to door to door oftheir target consumers. They believe that delivering products to consumer hands is notsufficient or convenient bounteous that is why for near future betterment they are trying todevelop their distribution channel in such manner that they can easily make theirpotential customer in to actual customer. And we essential say that the dealer of a particularterritory is really expert and the do their job on the time. Objecetives & Issues The promotional campaign can undertake 3 types of objectives1. To inform,2. To persuade3. To remind.In the case of Mojo, the campaign will basically focus on persuasion, since MOJOis in maturity stage of its life pedal and will try to spread out its current perception in urbanyouthful lives. The advertising objective for MOJO is to persuade the target audience to make a leveraging and to obtain 8% increase in sales. Now a day, Mojo is not a new product. And for thatreason, previously the companys target was to make positioning about Mojo because it was a newproduct and please try it. But now Mojo is in growth stage so it is trying to maximize the marketshare and retaining the market share is also important hereAdvertising Strategy Advertising is a challenging factor for Akij Groups Mojo. As the sales of Mojo highly relies onadvertising. It has to be done in such a way which is convincing, attractive to people, which willrun on peoples mind 24/7. Developing an effective advertising and promotional campaign mustselect the right spokesperson to deliver a convincing message and the appropriate channels ormedia. As part of the development of the advertising strategy of Mojo, all the advertisingcampaigns will try to communicate the same message to meet the advertising objective as nock anddiscussed previously. Their briny logan is Mojo Ontor e Ontor e and for that reason they alwaystry to make every ad including this slogan. Stimulus Characteristics Logo The logo of MOJO is attractive and representing the youth although they did not forgot about theaged people. Therefore, this helps them to get a good result. Soul feeling All the multinational soft drink companies-showing advertisements are made abroad. In thiscase, MOJO cola differentiated themselves. They are making the ads in our country, as they wantto be the cult brand. As they are, doing this so people can feel that it is our cola and I am buyingmy soft drink th at in terms help them to feel good.Therefore, people have a soft corner for them intheir mind. Packaging Packaging also helps in the perception process. Attractive package can grab peoples attention. MOJO cola know this and they are concentrating on it. The two most critical job of packaging are Capture Attention The brilliant packaging catches the attention instantly. mass like colorful things and they go forcolorful things. That is why within a short time MOJO cola got the attention of the target aspect. Convey Meaning The colorful packaging conveys the meaning that MOJO is a youthful product.Mixing up thebrand with colors, which have a meaning, is sensible. That gives people meaning and they went forit. CONSUMERS LEARNING & MOJO Learning is any change in the content or organization of long- term memory and/or behavior. Learning about soft drinks is a low- involvement learning situation. Consumer behavior is largelylearned behavior. Learning about MOJO Cola is for the most part low involvement learningstate of affairs. Controls Just like all other companies Mojo is also very much concern about dogmatic theirmonetary and operating cost.That is why every month Mojo conduct Quality assurancesurvey, Sales figure monitoring, Feedback from Retailers and Sales force not only bytheir employees but also by students from different universities by offering exclusiveincentives and gift items. They evaluate their inventory, quality, acceptance of Mojo fromdifferent perspectives. By keep checking these things Mojo can stay in the market by notonly minimizing their cost and expense by also maximizing their revenue and realises. Weknow its very much time consuming and expense become high, but to know the currentsituation the company must do it.Social responsibilities Akij group of industries not only concern about increasing their sales, capture market share andgaining profit but also concern to do something for the social betterment. Through out theircampaign Mojo has always been the pioneer in order to come across to help old, orphanage andhomeless street children. The Group has been phone line a considerable orphanage free of charge indistrict town. The Group has also acquired a modern mother & children hospital previously ownedby redeem the Children (UK). The hospital is being operated as a non-profitable concern by Ad-DinWelfare Trust. Pricing policyThe pricing policy of Mojo has been done very carefully. Mojo has somecompetitors (e. g. Coca Cola, Pepsi) in the market. Compared to them Mojo has set pricereasonably. The pricing of Mojo is discussed below ? Litre - Tk 14/- ? Litre - Tk 25/-pic 1 Litre - Tk 45/- 2 Litre - Tk 75/- Chapter4 4. 1 Pepsi (Information) Pepsi was starting line introduced as Brads Drink in New Bern, North Carolinain 1898 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his home where the drink was sold. It was later namedPepsi Cola, possibly due to the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nut nuts used in the recipe.Bradhams ought t o create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ouncebottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfieldwas the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as A bully drink refreshing,invigorating, a fine bracer before a race. The advertising theme Delicious and Healthful wasthen used over the next two decades.In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo re design since the archetype design of 1905. In 1929, the logo was changed again. In 1931, at the depth of the Great Depression, the Pepsi-Cola Company entered bankruptcy inlarge part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as aresult of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Eightyears later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsis assets were then purchased by Charles Guth,the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained sodafountains.He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores fountains after Coke refused to give him adiscount on syrup. Guth then had Lofts chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. On three separate occasions between 1922 and 1933, the Coca-Cola Company was offered theopportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company and it declined on each occasion. Ingredients In the United States, Pepsi is made with carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup,caramel color, sugar, Phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid and natural flavors. A can of Pepsi (12 flounces) has 41 grams of carbohydrates (all from sugar), 30 mg of odium, 0 grams of fat, 0 gramsof protein, 38 mg of caffeine and 150 calories. The caffeine-free Pepsi-Cola contains the sameingredients but without the caffeine. The original Pepsi-Cola recipe was available from documents filed with the court at the time thatthe Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt in 1929. The original formula contained neither cola norcaffeine. 4. 2 Market Situation Pepsi Cola is a reknowned brand all over the world. Its demand is increasing each year. Pepsi is incompetition in Bangladesh for many years. Its major competitiors are Coca Cola, RC Cola andnow Mojo is progressing in competition.The main of Pepsi just like any other beverage companyis to make supernormal profit by increasing sales. Not only that, Pepsi carries out promotionalactivities throughout the year. Transcom Beverages Ltd (TBL), the franchi receive of PepsiCo International, has won the Bottler ofthe Year Award for 2009 in PepsiCo International Annual Conference in perception of itsoutstanding business results. Latifur Rahman, chairman and managing director of TBL, received the award from SanjeevChadha, regional CEO of PepsiCo, and Katrina Kaif, an Indian film actress, at a function inTh ailand recently, said a statement.Transcom Beverages, which won the award for the third time, bottles, distributes and markets allPepsiCo brands such as Pepsi, 7up, Mirinda, Mountain Dew, Slice, Diet Pepsi and 7up Light inBangladesh. Present on the occasion from TBL were Arshad Waliur Rahman, director, Golam QuddusChowdhury, executive director and CEO, and Khurshid Irfan Chowdhury, general conductor. Tejinder Khurana, country manager of PepsiCo International, and Goutam Bhattacharjee, territorydevelopment manager of TBL, were also awarded with Ring of Honour for their performances in2009. Daily Star Sunday, January 24, 2010 4. Target Market like any other beverage competitor in Bangladesh, Pepsis main target is young generation assoft drinks are mainly preferred by youths. Despite local competition Pepsi has maintained itsreputation by chargining relatively high price. at heart last fifteen years Pepsi has reached the peak by offering extensive distribution channel in order to make sure the proper distribution of Pepsi sothat people can easily avail it where ever they go. Pepsi customers are mostly young groupbetween the ages of 14 to 30 and also target at school, colleges, universities, home, restaurant,hotel and stores. . 4 Market Segmentation Positioning Beverages Soft Drinks Pepsi, Coca-Cola, Royal CrownCola Juices Pulpy, Nestle, Fruito Local Drinks Mecca Cola, Mojo Cola Energy Drinks Red Bull, Power 4. 5 Competition Pepsi has many rivals in the market. Pepsi considers Coca Cola and Royal Crown Cola as theirbiggest competitiors. However in recent years local carbonated drinks like Mojo Cola and MeccaCola, etc are giving tough competitions to giant beverage companies like Pepsi and Coca Cola. 4. 6 Distribution Pepsi undergoes big distribution all around the country.The distribution channel plays animportant mapping in the companys success. Pepsi has distributors in all districts. Due to lack of datathe distribution process of Pepsi cannot be discusse d. Objectives and issues Pepsi is in its maturity stage. Meaning, everyone knows about this beverage. All it has to do isremind people to consume this drink. The main objective of Pepsi is to make profit by theincrememnt in sales. By means of organizing concerts/trade fairs, Pepsi informs people about theproduct. Advertising strategy Advertising is an important issue for Pepsi. Its competitors undertake massive advertising todominate in market.Equally, Pepsi does the same thing for survival. Most of Pepsis advertising isIndian. Meaning, Indian ads are translated in Bangla. By doing so, Pepsi is able to advertising cost. The main aim of Pepsi has always been to deliver a convincing message via media. Pepsi usestelevision, newspaper, billboards as its advertising medium Controls Quality At every level of Pepsi-Cola Company, we take great care to meet that the highest standards are met in everything we do. In our products, packaging, marketing and advertising, we strive forexcellence because our consumers expect and deserve nothing less.We declare to work towardcontinuous improvement in all areas of our organization. At every step of our manufacturing and bottling process, strict quality controls are followed toensure that Pepsi-Cola products meet the same high standards of quality that consumers have cometo expect and value from us. We also follow strict quality control procedures during themanufacturing and filling of our packages. Each bottle and can undergoes a thorough inspectionand testing process. Containers are then rinsed and quickly filled through a high-speed, state-of-the-art process that helps prevent any foreign material from entering the product.Additionalquality control measures help to ensure the integrity of Pepsi-Cola products throughout thedistribution process, from warehouse to store shelf. Extracted from http//www. pepsi. com/ Social responsibilities Environmental SupportPepsi and the entire PepsiCo family embrace our responsibility to be good stewards of our planetsnatural resources. We begin by understanding our environmental footprint and then work to findways to reduce it. Were focused on Energy, Water and Waste areas where we know we can makethe greatest difference. Extracted fromhttp//www. pepsi. com/faqs. php? ection=environmental_support Pricing policy Despite having many competitors, Pepsi is charging high price in comparison to local competitorslike Mojo. ? Litre - Tk 18/- ?Litre - Tk 30/ 1 Litre - Tk 55/ 2 Litre - Tk 90/- Product differentiation In Bangladesh Pepsi offers product differentiation in comparison to Mojo cola by offeringPepsi Diet in the market. From this side Mojo is a little lite because these days most people arehealth conscious, diabetes patients, etc. They prefer Pepsi Diet which does not contain sugar. Pepsi Diet is available in two sizes. Litre - Tk 30/- 1 Litre - Tk 55/- Though Pepsis offering differentiation by offering Pepsi Diet it is not charging premium price. The price of Peps i Diet is same as Pepsi Cola Thus, Pepsi is having competitory advantage over Akijs Mojo Cola. Swot Analysis Mojo Cola Strengths Brand image Akij group is already a established brand name. So there already exists astrong brand image of the company. So if we launch any product under this brand name then itautomatically accept by the consumers. Quality Most of their raw materials come from various foreign countries.The quality is verystrictly controlled. At every stage, non standard products are rejected. So we can say that howwell they are aware about their products quality. Strong distribution network Akij group has a strong distribution network and this isone of the most strongest competitive advantages for them. They make product available all overthe country through their strong distribution channel of retailers and whole sellers. Weakness The weakest point of akij group is that if any product sells fall due to poor quality then it willalso affect the other products of other brands. Opportunity Increasing demand As people are engaging more in taking beverage product, the demand isincreasing day by day for this kind of product category. Threat Akij group have a number of competitors especially under Akij Food & Beverage Ltd such asPran juice, Shezan juice, Acme juice. This competition is very high and works as a threat for AkijFood & Beverage Ltd. Pepsi The strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities and the threats of Pepsi. 1. The advantages of Pepsi-Cola1) Firstly, Pepsi has stayed in this market for nigh one century.So they are so experienced andstationed in peoples mind deeply. Now no one doesnt know the brand Pepsi-Cola Whenever thename Pepsi is heard, people will conjure up the image of fresh and cool drink .2) Secondly, Pepsi-Cola is not only in high quality, cool and fresh but also have a competitiveprice. 3) Thirdly. Pepsi is such an experienced powerful global company, Which has a basic of a greatfund. So it has the ability to place an idle sum of money to the promotion. We can see that theadvertisement of Pepsi-Cola is so attractive. It also invited the top famous people to advertise forit. ) Pepsi also compares with the competitors and find their disadvantages to update its own quality,flavor and also package promptly in order to satisfy the consumers need. This is the biggestadvantage of Pepsi company. It is the most popular one. Pepsi company also produce the Diet-Cola to meet the people whomore concern their health. And it just changes the design of the package of Pepsi-Cola. 2. The disadvantages of Pepsi-ColaBut we cannot consider things just on one side. Still there are some disadvantages existing inPepsi-Cola . A survey suggests that 32% people prefer the package of Pepsi-Cola.So the design ofPepsi-Colas package is not as attractive as Coca-cola. It still needs to be improved. We suggestthat the package needs to be designed more colorful to attract peoples attention. 3. Although in the cola market there are man y competitors, Pepsi still has the opportunity toenlarge its market share because the cola in the market is quite monotonic. Most of the end substance abuser isyoung people. There are still some people who do not like the taste of the cola. So we can try to provide some other taste of cola such as adding some lemon juice. We can change the flavor inorder to meet different taste of different people. . As to the threats, all of us know that Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola have had the competition forabout 80 years. Although Pepsi-Cola have won several times during this competition, the marketshare of Pepsi-cola is a little bit smaller than Coca-Cola. Besides, there are many other competitorslike Mojo. In Mojos advertisement we can see the reflection of our culture. It is well known thatBangladesh is a patriotic nation. So these oral communication can really catch Bangladeshi peoples heart. Andthese local colas flavor is more suitable for Bangladeshis. So it cannot be ignored. Recommendation MojoAfter getting informations from the internet and local shops. It seems that Mojo has certainlackings. Mojo is local brand so its going to be hard for Mojo to stay in competition with Pepsi. Mojo can provide offers like buy one get one free, win a car, coupons, etc. All these activitieswill rise interests in people to consume more Mojo in order to get something. By offering suchpromotions, Mojo may be able to give tough competitions to Pepsi. Mojo can persuade people via advertising. E. g. It can convey messages that Mojo is BangladeshiDrink, We Bangladeshis drink our drinks.Not only that, motivating employees will help Akij Beverages to reach its peak. E. g. Employeescan be given fringe benefits, promotions, monthly free medical check-up, etc. 24 SUGGESTIVE PROMOTIONAL TOOLS Billboards MOJO cola must concentrate on billboard advertising, for this at first they have to increase thenumber of billboards around the country. They have to create billboards with catchy look so that it can grab the attention of the target aspect. They must make colorful and relevant billboards so thatpeople can find out what they want to tell them.At last, they have to place the billboards in theright place so that target aspect can have their full concentrate in it. Paper Ads The number of paper ads should have to be increased. Otherwise, they cannot make mass peopleaware about their product. It should also contain high imagery, relevant with product MOJO cola. TVCs The frequencies of the TV ads have to be increased. People who watch TV regularly are seekingfor innovative things made by the marketers. They pretty much bored with the traditional ads. So ifMOJO cola bring new thing with their ads them it will be a turning point for their sale.People willget more interest in their product and as a result, they can be the loyal customer of this product. SoTV ads should be brought with a new format, with more new things so that it can catch the targetaspect with the new ones. Sponsor ship Till now MOJO cola make sponsorship of few events like concerts, nabanno utsav, banglanoboborsho, etc. they should include cyber cafe, canteens of university, devalued food shop and otherplaces where people goes frequently. By doing so they can be with the target audience and we illfind more aware people. Sales PromotionThey should in for massive sales promotion to attract people from other drinks Pepsi 1) Pepsi-Cola should improve the design of the package first. As it is advertised as the choice ofnew generation, the design must be looked young and fresh. So the color should be more sharpand attractive. 2) As the flavor and ingredients of cola in the market are similar and the most active consumer isthe young people, we can diversify the Pepsi production to meet the different need of theconsumers. That is customer-orientated. 3) Besides the Diet cola for the health conscious people, we can have many other new choices.Forexample, we can create a new kind of cola more suitable for children. Maybe we can add theVitamins or some nutritious element that are necessary to children. Or we can create a new flavorlike mint-cola. 4) However, pricing should not be reduced to an extent where initial investment cannot berecovered. So, pricing & finance has to be done carefully. Conclusion Mojo People prefer MOJOs pricing but it has to improve its image in status and quality issues. Unfortunately, MOJO is lagging behind due to inadequate communication of its brand elementslike slogan, names meaning etc.It has also failed to communicate its own positioning to the targetconsumers. However, still now MOJO has the chance to recover its own position because about70% of the target customers (according to the survey result) are potential and have not constructedtheir judgment structure for MOJO. For some particular aspects of consumer behavior such asperception, attitude, self-orientation and life style etc, those recommended strategies provided withthe report will be supp ortive to recover those issues successfully if MOJO can apply thosesuggestive marketing tools. 6 Pepsi Being in such a tense competition with other beverages, Pepsi-Cola should not take the direct andtough attack upon any of them. The best wad is to keep a peaceful relationship with it and alwayscompare with others, We should find their disadvantages and show our advantages on this aspect. Then by and by, the people would think ours is better Of course the most important rule is toimprove the product, lower the price in comparison to other competitors to meet the consumers.